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Big Data has an insatiable appetite for larger and better-performing memory. While current memory technologies continue to advance, the performance gaps in current memory and storage technology have motivated the exploration of emerging memory technologies capable of providing new functionalities. Ferroelectric memory is one such promising candidate which has recently experienced a revival after the discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium dioxide (HfO₂) – the dielectric of choice in advanced CMOS manufacturing. While the commercial viability of ferroelectric memory technology has made significant progress over the past decade, several challenges related to variation and reliability still stand as a barrier to large-scale commercial implementation. Here, we review some of the outstanding challenges of ferroelectric memory technology along with the recent materials and device innovations that are being considered to overcome them. Moreover, we aim to highlight these challenges as materials and device co-design problems that must be addressed through collaborative efforts that straddle the two disciplines. We identify and provide our perspective on some of the key challenges and opportunities for ferroelectric-based microelectronic technology. Ferroelectrics non-volatile memory, in-memory computation